This process occurred about 8000 years ago and took place in the Caucasus, in an area located between the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. sylvestris) is suggested to have first appeared about 65 million years ago and its domestication was closely related to winemaking. sativa) is one of the most important economic fruit species in the modern world of West Asiatic origin, it is cultivated in a wide area from Trans-Caucasus to Western Europe and around the Mediterranean Basin. The uniqueness of this ampelographic platform was mainly an outcome of complex natural or human-driven crosses involving elite cultivars. This study provided evidence that Magna Graecia germplasm was shaped by historical events that occurred in the area due to the robust link between South Italian and Greek genotypes, as well as, by the availability of different thermal resources for cultivars growing in such different winegrowing areas.
Pedigree analysis showed a complex and well-structured network of first degree relationships, where the cultivars from Magna Graecia were mainly involved. Gene flow from east (Georgia) to west (Iberian Peninsula) was identified throughout the large number of detected admixed samples. A high level of genetic diversity of the analyzed germplasm was determined clustering, structure analysis and DAPC (Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components) highlighted the genetic relationships among genotypes from South Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean (Greece). ResultsĪ large collection of grapevines from Magna Graecia was compared with germplasm from Georgia to the Iberian Peninsula using the 18 K SNP array. Here, the genetic diversity of Magna Graecia grape germplasm was assessed and its role in grapevine propagation around the Mediterranean basin was underlined. Magna Graecia is the ancient name for the modern geopolitical region of South Italy extensively populated by Greek colonizers, shown by archeological and historical evidence to be the oldest wine growing region of Italy, crucial for the spread of specialized viticulture around Mediterranean shores.
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